Region group,Name,Country,Region,Coordinates,Type,Supplies,Main threats,Protection,Source
Netherlands,Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen,Netherlands,Noord-Holland,"52.346, 4.579",Dune catchment,Amsterdam (Waternet),Nitrogen deposition; drought; Rhine water quality (infiltration source),Natura 2000; drinking-water catchment,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdamse_Waterleidingduinen
Netherlands,Meijendel,Netherlands,Zuid-Holland (Wassenaar/The Hague),"52.132, 4.329",Dune catchment,The Hague region (Dunea),Nitrogen deposition; Meuse intake water quality,Natura 2000; Dunea catchment,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijendel
Netherlands,Berkheide,Netherlands,Zuid-Holland (Katwijk),"52.178, 4.381",Dune catchment,Dunea supply area,Nitrogen deposition; drought,Natura 2000,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkheide
Netherlands,Solleveld,Netherlands,Zuid-Holland (Monster),"52.050, 4.215",Dune catchment,Dunea supply area,Nitrogen deposition,Natura 2000,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solleveld
Netherlands,Noordhollands Duinreservaat,Netherlands,Noord-Holland,,Dune catchment,PWN supply area,Nitrogen deposition; drought,Natura 2000,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordhollands_Duinreservaat
Netherlands,Kennemerduinen,Netherlands,Noord-Holland,"52.417, 4.583",Dune catchment,PWN / Waternet area,Nitrogen deposition; drought,National park; Natura 2000,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Park_Zuid-Kennemerland
Netherlands,Biesbosch reservoirs,Netherlands,Noord-Brabant / Zuid-Holland,"51.733, 4.750",Reservoir (Meuse water),"Rotterdam region (Evides), WBB",PFAS; pharmaceuticals; Meuse discharge drops in drought,National park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesbosch
Netherlands,Andelse Maas / Brakel intake,Netherlands,Gelderland,"51.817, 5.000",River intake (Meuse),Dunea,Meuse pollution incidents; drought; PFAS,"Drinking-water function, Water Framework Directive",https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgedamde_Maas
Netherlands,Lekkanaal intake (Nieuwegein),Netherlands,Utrecht,"52.017, 5.111",River intake (Rhine/Lek),Amsterdam (Waternet) via Lekkanaal,Rhine micropollutants; salinisation; low discharge,Drinking-water intake,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekkanaal
Netherlands,IJsselmeer (Andijk intake),Netherlands,Noord-Holland,"52.817, 5.250",Lake intake,Noord-Holland (PWN),Salinisation; micropollutants; drought,Natura 2000; freshwater reserve,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJsselmeer
Netherlands,Veluwe aquifer,Netherlands,Gelderland,,Aquifer (groundwater),Vitens supply area,Over-abstraction; drought; nitrogen deposition,Natura 2000; groundwater protection areas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veluwe
Netherlands,Drentsche Aa catchment,Netherlands,Drenthe,,River & groundwater catchment,WMD Drinkwater (Groningen/Drenthe),Pesticides; nitrates,National park (landscape),https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drentsche_Aa
Netherlands,Sallandse Heuvelrug,Netherlands,Overijssel,"52.317, 6.417",Aquifer / groundwater,Vitens area,Drought; over-abstraction,National park; Natura 2000,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallandse_Heuvelrug
Netherlands,Utrechtse Heuvelrug,Netherlands,Utrecht,"52.067, 5.333",Aquifer / groundwater,Vitens area,Over-abstraction; drought,National park,https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Park_Utrechtse_Heuvelrug
Netherlands,Groundwater protection areas (national),Netherlands,All provinces,,Abstraction areas,Dutch public supply,Nitrates; pesticides; PFAS; drought,Provincial protection; RIVM monitoring,https://www.rivm.nl/drinkwater
Rest of Europe,Lake Constance (Bodensee),Germany / Austria / Switzerland,Bodensee,"47.583, 9.467",Lake,Bodensee-Wasserversorgung (Baden-Württemberg),Invasive quagga mussels; micropollutants; warming,Lake protection regulations,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Constance
Rest of Europe,Lake Geneva,Switzerland / France,Léman,"46.450, 6.550",Lake,"Geneva, Lausanne",Micropollutants; microplastics; warming,CIPEL commission,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Geneva
Rest of Europe,Lake Zurich,Switzerland,Zürich,"47.248, 8.678",Lake,Zürich,Micropollutants; warming,Cantonal protection,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Zurich
Rest of Europe,Upper Rhine aquifer,France / Germany,Alsace / Baden,,Aquifer,Alsace and Baden,Nitrates; pesticides; chlorides (potash mining),WFD groundwater body,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain
Rest of Europe,Rhine,Multiple,Rhine basin,,River,Bank-filtration supply along the river,Micropollutants; low flow; salinisation,ICPR,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine
Rest of Europe,Meuse,France / Belgium / Netherlands,Meuse basin,,River,Belgium & Netherlands,Drought; PFAS; industrial spills,International Meuse Commission,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse
Rest of Europe,Campine (Kempen) aquifer,Belgium,Flanders / Antwerp,,Aquifer,Flemish supply,Over-abstraction; drought,Flemish protection zones,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campine
Rest of Europe,Chalk aquifer of England (chalk streams),United Kingdom,Southern & Eastern England,,Aquifer / chalk streams,Much of SE England,Over-abstraction; nitrates; sewage,Some SSSI/SAC,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk_stream
Rest of Europe,River Thames,United Kingdom,England,,River,London (Thames Water),Sewage overflows; drought,Environment Agency,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thames
Rest of Europe,Lake Vyrnwy,United Kingdom,Wales,"52.780, -3.500",Reservoir,Liverpool,Drought,RSPB reserve; SSSI,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vyrnwy
Rest of Europe,Loch Katrine,United Kingdom,Scotland (Stirling),"56.254, -4.516",Lake / reservoir,Glasgow,Climate impacts,National park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Katrine
Rest of Europe,Vittel / Contrexéville aquifer,France,Vosges,"48.203, 5.950",Aquifer,Bottled water & local supply,Over-abstraction,Ongoing management plans,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittel
Rest of Europe,Seine,France,Île-de-France,,River,Paris,Pesticides; micropollutants; drought,WFD,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seine
Rest of Europe,Vanne & Voulzie springs (Eau de Paris),France,Yonne / Seine-et-Marne,"48.269, 3.228",Springs,Paris,Nitrates; pesticides,Captage protection perimeters,https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueduc_de_la_Vanne
Rest of Europe,Doñana aquifer,Spain,Andalusia,"37.000, -6.500",Aquifer & wetland,Regional,Over-abstraction (irrigation); drought,National park; UNESCO; Ramsar,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doñana_National_Park
Rest of Europe,Mar Menor,Spain,Murcia,"37.767, -0.833",Lagoon & aquifer,,Nitrates (agriculture); eutrophication,Legal personhood (2022); Ramsar,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Menor
Rest of Europe,Tagus,Spain / Portugal,Iberia,,River,"Lisbon, Madrid (via Tajo–Segura transfer)",Over-abstraction; drought,WFD,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagus
Rest of Europe,Lake Bracciano,Italy,Lazio,"42.121, 12.232",Lake,Rome (backup supply),Over-abstraction; drought,Regional park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bracciano
Rest of Europe,Po,Italy,Northern Italy,,River,Agriculture & municipal supply,Drought; salinisation; nitrates,WFD,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_(river)
Rest of Europe,Danube,Multiple,Danube basin,,River,"Bank filtration, e.g. Budapest",Pollution; low flow,ICPDR,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube
Rest of Europe,Lake Balaton,Hungary,Transdanubia,"46.850, 17.720",Lake,Regional supply,Eutrophication; drought,Protected areas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Balaton
Rest of Europe,Lake Ohrid,North Macedonia / Albania,Ohrid,"41.030, 20.720",Lake,Local supply,Urban wastewater; development,UNESCO World Heritage,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ohrid
Rest of Europe,Lake Peipus,Estonia / Russia,Rest of Europe,"58.683, 27.483",Lake,,Eutrophication,Transboundary commission,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Peipus
Rest of Europe,Lake Vättern,Sweden,Rest of Europe,"58.400, 14.600",Lake,Regional municipal supply,Contamination; development,Natura 2000 (parts),https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vättern
Rest of Europe,Lake Mälaren,Sweden,Stockholm region,"59.500, 17.200",Lake,Stockholm,Salinisation risk; pollution,Protection areas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mälaren
Rest of Europe,Oder,Poland / Germany,Rest of Europe,,River,,Salt pollution; algal toxin event (2022),WFD,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oder
Rest of Europe,Vistula,Poland,Rest of Europe,,River,Warsaw,Pollution; drought,WFD,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistula
Rest of Europe,Lake Prespa,North Macedonia / Albania / Greece,Rest of Europe,"40.900, 21.033",Lake,,Water level decline; pollution,Ramsar; transboundary park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Prespa
Rest of Europe,Lake Vrana (Cres),Croatia,Cres island,"44.850, 14.383",Lake,Cres & Lošinj islands,Salinisation risk; level decline,Protected,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vrana_(Cres)
Rest of Europe,Lake Ladoga,Russia,Karelia / Leningrad,"61.000, 31.500",Lake,St Petersburg (via Neva),Industrial pollution; eutrophication,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ladoga
Worldwide,Ogallala Aquifer,United States,Great Plains,"36.991, -101.448",Aquifer,Irrigation and municipal supply,Over-abstraction,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer
Worldwide,Colorado River,United States / Mexico,Southwest,,River,About 40 million people,Drought; over-allocation,Colorado River Compact,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River
Worldwide,Lake Mead,United States,Nevada/Arizona,"36.250, -114.390",Reservoir,Las Vegas and others,Drought; low levels,National recreation area,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mead
Worldwide,Edwards Aquifer,United States,Texas,,Aquifer,San Antonio,Over-abstraction; drought; urban development,Edwards Aquifer Authority,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Aquifer
Worldwide,Great Lakes,United States / Canada,Worldwide,"45.000, -84.000",Lakes,Over 30 million people,PFAS; algal blooms; invasive species,Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes
Worldwide,Lake Erie,United States / Canada,Worldwide,"42.200, -81.200",Lake,Toledo and others,Toxic algal blooms (nutrients),,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Erie
Worldwide,Catskill/Delaware watershed,United States,New York,,Catchment,New York City,Development; turbidity,Filtration avoidance determination,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_water_supply_system
Worldwide,Valley of Mexico aquifer,Mexico,Mexico City,,Aquifer,Mexico City,Over-abstraction; land subsidence,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Mexico
Worldwide,Guarani Aquifer,Brazil / Argentina / Paraguay / Uruguay,Worldwide,,Aquifer,,Pollution; over-abstraction,Guarani Aquifer Agreement,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_Aquifer
Worldwide,Cantareira System,Brazil,São Paulo,"-23.330, -46.679",Reservoir system,São Paulo,Drought (2014–15 crisis); deforestation,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantareira_System
Worldwide,Lake Titicaca,Peru / Bolivia,Altiplano,"-15.825, -69.325",Lake,,Mining; sewage; drought,Ramsar,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Titicaca
Worldwide,Andean glaciers (Cordillera Blanca),Peru,Ancash,"-9.167, -77.583",Glacier-fed catchment,,Glacier retreat; mining,Huascarán National Park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Blanca
Worldwide,Nubian Sandstone Aquifer,Egypt / Libya / Sudan / Chad,Sahara,,Fossil aquifer,Libyan Great Man-Made River,Non-renewable abstraction,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubian_Sandstone_Aquifer_System
Worldwide,Lake Victoria,Uganda / Kenya / Tanzania,Worldwide,"-1.000, 33.000",Lake,Kampala and others,Eutrophication; invasive species,Lake Victoria Basin Commission,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Victoria
Worldwide,Cape Town supply dams,South Africa,Western Cape,,Reservoirs & aquifer,Cape Town,Drought (Day Zero crisis),,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town_water_crisis
Worldwide,Okavango Delta,Botswana,Worldwide,"-19.400, 22.900",Wetland,,Upstream abstraction; development,UNESCO; Ramsar,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okavango_Delta
Worldwide,Lake Chad,Chad / Niger / Nigeria / Cameroon,Worldwide,"13.099, 14.533",Lake,,Shrinkage; drought; over-use,Lake Chad Basin Commission,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Chad
Worldwide,Jordan River & Lake Tiberias,Israel / Jordan,Worldwide,,River & lake,,Over-abstraction; salinisation,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_River
Worldwide,Indus Basin aquifer,Pakistan / India,Punjab,,Aquifer,,Over-abstraction; salinisation; arsenic,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River
Worldwide,Ganges,India / Bangladesh,Worldwide,,River,Hundreds of millions,Sewage; industry; arsenic in groundwater,National Mission for Clean Ganga,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges
Worldwide,Bengal Basin groundwater,Bangladesh / India,Worldwide,,Aquifer,,Arsenic contamination,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_contamination_of_groundwater
Worldwide,Chennai lakes (Chembarambakkam etc.),India,Tamil Nadu,,Reservoirs,Chennai,Drought; encroachment,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Chennai_water_crisis
Worldwide,Yangtze,China,Worldwide,,River,,Pollution; drought,Yangtze River Protection Law,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze
Worldwide,Lake Taihu,China,Jiangsu,"31.233, 120.133",Lake,Wuxi and others,Toxic algal blooms,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Tai
Worldwide,North China Plain aquifer,China,Hebei / Beijing,"36.580, 117.160",Aquifer,Beijing region,Over-abstraction; subsidence,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_China_Plain
Worldwide,Lake Baikal,Russia,Siberia,"53.500, 108.000",Lake,,Pollution; tourism; algae,UNESCO World Heritage,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal
Worldwide,Aral Sea,Kazakhstan / Uzbekistan,Worldwide,"45.000, 60.000",Lake (remnant),,Diversion; salinisation,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral_Sea
Worldwide,Murray–Darling Basin,Australia,Worldwide,,River basin,Adelaide and others,Over-allocation; drought; salinity,Murray–Darling Basin Plan,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray–Darling_basin
Worldwide,Great Artesian Basin,Australia,Worldwide,,Aquifer,,Over-abstraction; mining,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin
Worldwide,Lake Urmia,Iran,Worldwide,"37.700, 45.367",Lake,,Shrinkage; dams; over-abstraction,Ramsar; national park,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Urmia
Worldwide,Tehran aquifers,Iran,Tehran,,Aquifer,Tehran,Over-abstraction; subsidence,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Iran